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Review:
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| Milan Turković (born 1939) is an Austrian bassoonist who was born in Zagreb, Croatia but grew up in Vienna, Austria. He is considered one of the few internationally known soloists on his instrument. He was for many years the principal bassoon of the Vienna Symphony as well as a member of the period instrument ensemble Concentus Musicus Wien. Turković is a member of the Ensemble Wien-Berlin, a woodwind quintet consisting of principal players of the Berlin and Vienna Philharmonic orchestras, and the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center of New York. From 1984 until 1992, Turković was professor of bassoon at the Salzburg Mozarteum. From 1992 until 2003, he taught at the Musikhochschule (conservatory) in Vienna. Since then he has concentrated increasingly on conducting. Turković has performed as soloist with many important orchestras around the world, including the Vienna Symphony, Stockholm Philharmonic, Bamberg Symphony, Munich Philharmonic, Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra, St. Louis Symphony, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, English Concert, I Solisti Italiani, Camerata Academica Salzburg, NHK Symphony Tokyo, under conductors such as Christoph Eschenbach, Carlo Maria Giulini, Nikolaus Harnoncourt, Sir Neville Marriner, Christopher Hogwood, Trevor Pinnock, Wolfgang Sawallisch, Horst Stein, Sandor Vegh, David Zinman, among others. His discography consists of 15 CDs of solo repertoire, 26 CDs of chamber music, and over 200 CDs as a member of Concentus Musicus. He has recorded the Mozart Bassoon Concerto four times, the third having been played on a period instrument, Nikolaus Harnoncourt conducting. Turkovic's most recent releases include concerti of Weber with Marriner, five bassoon concerti by Vivaldi with I Solisti Italiani, and concerti of Christian Bach and Kozeluh. |
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| Like all good Baroque composers, Vivaldi was a superb performer: records exist of audiences literally fighting to hear him play. One of Vivaldi’s favourite instruments was the viola d’amore, a twelve-stringed invention of the mid-seventeenth century. Typically, six or seven gut strings were played; the lowest three usually wound. Then there was the same number under the unfretted fingerboard; they acted as resonators. So, the eight concerti on this welcome CD from Fabio Biondi and Europa Galante have a gentle and supple quality which sits interestingly with Vivaldi’s driven and extrovert concerto style. Biondi takes the viola d’amore lead and plays with great aplomb and vigour. The instrument has sinuous, at times almost ‘gypsy’ fruitiness - as in the largo of RV 395, for example. The temptation is to emphasise this at the expense of the writing’s subtleties and nuances. This is a temptation which Biondi effortlessly avoids: the allegro of RV 396 is a good example of his subtler approach. The exposition is unself-conscious and the pace at which Vivaldi’s ideas are presented and developed neither obscures nor gives undue weight to the consonance between solo instrument and supporting players; but see below, theirs is no conventional continuo role. This is all to the good: Vivaldi’s own relationship with the viola d’amore was a special one. He did not consider it exotic, antique or a curiosity. Rather, he insisted on teaching it to some of his ablest pupils at a time when it was losing favour in the wider world. Biondi and his forces have managed to reflect very well the status of the viola d’amore for Vivaldi. The feeling of their playing is midway between ‘every day’ and of a quiet pride in its recherché nature by the unassuming specialist. In fact this disc contains all of Vivaldi’s output for the instrument except for four arias with viola d’amore obbligato. RV 392 displays the twin characteristics of festivity and reserve: the soloist helps to steer a careful balance between the two moods; and does so with that apparent spontaneity which Vivaldi achieved so well. RV 393 is more austere with much dotted rhythm. It is full of drama – which means it is full of contrasts. RV 394 also draws on dance - folk dance; the ornamentation is a virtuoso’s delight. RV 395 uses court dances; greater use is made of counterpoint and more subtle rhythms. RV 396 is more complex still and seems to offer yet greater opportunities for virtuosic display; its slow movement is in sonata form. RV 397 is one of Vivaldi’s dour and dolente works. The sorrow somehow comes from within the music; it’s not forced, thanks to the cantabile nature of the writing. On hearing the insistent ritornelli at the beginning and end of this concerto, is it too fanciful to associate such unhappiness with a certain anger on Vivaldi’s part? Again, it’s to Biondi’s credit that such expressive, emotive playing never swamps the music’s meaning. It is tuneful, clear of texture and shot through with steady tempi without losing bite for a second. One should not be put off by this scope for virtuosity; or refrain from approaching the music as music. Repeated hearings of this generous CD will leave you inspired by the variety, the understatement and the creative integrity with which Vivaldi approached his task. This was a task which looked forward to the more figurative style of the end of the eighteenth century. One resource that Vivaldi used to achieve this was to have his soloists play in concertante style. They all perform the ritornelli as well as the solo passages. There is thus less a sense of accompaniment; more of a symphonic whole. RV 97 with horns and staccato rhythms shows this nicely: full-scale drama making its impact with orchestral tone as much as with melody and harmony. The double concerto for viola d’amore and lute, RV 540, was written later than the other concerti here; indeed it was written at the very end of Vivaldi’s life. It seems to hint at valediction and betrays perhaps tender regrets with a wisp of nostalgia. Beautifully played here, its misty understatement somehow draws us all the way into Vivaldi’s world and the unfocused introversion of Venice. So the music on this well-conceived and welcome CD is not an oddity and should not be considered such. The playing is ‘personal’; it approaches the intricacies required by the music appropriately and yet acts as a quiet advocate for this special area of Vivaldi’s concerto writing. The liner-notes are adequate and the recording neither boxed nor sonorous.-- Mark Sealey |
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| This new disc follows on from the stage production in which the orchestra joined forces with a dancer (available on DVD HMD 9909026). Encouraged by the outstanding success of these performances, violinist Midori Seiler and the Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin were keen to re-record the works in the studio. Although free from all choreographic intentions, their interpretation was still profoundly influenced by the experience. This is the first time the group has recorded Vivaldi’s Four Seasons, and a rare appearance for the evergreen work on the harmonia mundi label. |
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The chamber orchestra Les Violons du Roy borrows its name from the renowned string orchestra of the court of the French kings. The group, which has a core membership of fifteen players, was brought together in 1984 by music director Bernard Labadie and specializes in the vast repertoire of music for chamber orchestra, performed in the stylistic manner most appropriate to each era. Although the ensemble plays on modern instruments, its approach to the works of the Baroque and Classical periods has been strongly influenced by current research into performance practice in the 17th and early 18th centuries; in this repertoire Les Violons du Roy uses copies of period bows. The orchestra has been widely acclaimed for the exceptional energy, brilliance and vitality of its performances.
The eighteen recordings made by Les Violons du Roy have been acclaimed by critics and earned various distinctions and awards at the national and international levels. Of twelve CDs released by DORIAN, two won Juno Awards for classical album of the year.
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It is now generally accepted that Vivaldi wrote ten cello sonatas – one of them now lost. Six (RV 47, 41, 43, 45, 40 and 46) of the surviving nine were published posthumously as a set, in Paris, by Charles-Nicolas Le Clerc around 1740. The other three survive in manuscript collections: RV 42 (along with RV 46) is preserved in the library at Wiesentheid Castle at Unterfranken in Germany; RV 39 and 44 (along with RV 47) are to be found in a manuscript in the Naples Conservatoire.
Vivaldi’s sonatas cannot be dated precisely. Without fail they display his profound understanding of the expressive capacities of the instrument. Presumably the lessons he himself learned from his work as teacher of stringed instruments at the Pietà in Venice fed into his writing in these sonatas. All of his nine sonatas are in four movements, disposed slow -fast-slow-fast. In the manuscript of RV 42 the movements carry titles suggesting relationship to particular dances: Preludio-Allemande-Sarabande-Gigue. In the other sonatas the designations are simply of tempos, but the spirit of the dance is never too far away. In his slow movements, Vivaldi’s writing for the cello is often lyrically poignant, but too dignified ever to be merely sentimental.
Geminiani’s opus 5 consists of six cello sonatas, and was first published in Paris in 1746. His sonatas follow the same basic four movement pattern, though some of his slow movements - such as both the adagio and the grave of Sonata no.6 - are so short that the works are less perfectly balanced as regards tempo. All three of the sonatas played here are full of inventive, but unflashy, writing; the best of the slow movements have a tender melancholy and the closing allegros are delightfully vivacious and witty. Roel Dieltiens’ playing has both the drive and the subtlety displayed in his acclaimed recording (also on Accent) of the Bach suites for solo cello. Given that he has worked regularly with masters such as René Jacobs, Frans Brüggen and Philippe Herreweghe his musicianship need come as no surprise. Here he shows himself fully responsive to the demands of the music, in terms of phrasing and intonation, rhythm and ornamentation alike. In the cases of both Vivaldi and Geminiani this is music which both leaves scope for a variety of interpretations and which, in a sense, demands such variety. Given, for example, the decisions that must be made about the instrumentation of the accompaniment – no details being specified in the sources – there is room for a number of interpretative choices, none of which are necessarily ‘wrong’. Here Dieltens eschews the theorbos, archlutes or baroque guitars that some employ. The results are relatively plain in colouring, but none the worse for that.
I wouldn’t want to make a ‘first choice’ in any of this music. Suffice it to say that Dieltens’ performances are ones to which any listener fond of the baroque cello is likely to make frequent returns. The mixing of sonatas by the two composers is suggestive – though I can’t help wishing that Dieltens had given us a complete recording of one the sonatas by one or other of these two Italian masters.—Glyn Pursglove
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The nine surviving cello sonatas by Vivaldi can be presumed to represent only a proportion of the number he probably wrote. I say that knowing that there is room for at least slight doubts as to the authenticity of all of them, especially no.6. Given his clear fondness for the instrument he surely wrote more. After all here was a composer who wrote many cello concertos, There was also the presence of a number of very fine cellists amongst the musicians of the Ospedale della Pièta niot to mention the growing vogue of the instrument in the Venice of his time.
He seems to have taken less trouble to preserve the manuscripts of his sonatas - for whatever solo instrument - than of some of his other music. Though he published two sets of violin sonatas (opp. 2, 5) he chose not to issue any of his sonatas for the cello. The first six to be published appeared in Paris in 1740, in what was surely a pirated edition.
The sonatas we do have very probably date from the 1720s. A few exist in more than one manuscript; none of them autograph. All are in four movements alternating in the sequence slow-fast-slow-fast, a pattern that we associate with the sonata da chiesa. A number of the faster movements are very much informed by the spirit of the dance; in one manuscript, the Wiesentheid, which contains two sonatas, such movements actually carry titles designating the relevant dance rhythms. The slow movements have a winning gravity, in which elegance and a serious quality are held in a beautiful balance.
The young French-Swiss cellist Ophélie Gaillard (b.1974) has already met with considerable success in her recordings of the Bach cello suites (Ambroisie AMB9926) and the Britten Sonatas (Ambroisie AMB9927). This recording of the complete Vivaldi sonatas will surely do her reputation nothing but good. She plays with great beauty of tone, sure-footed musical intelligence and considerable vivacity.
Gaillard plays a cello made by Francesco Goffriller at Udine in 1737, an instrument of which she speaks lovingly on the DVD which accompanies the two discs of the sonatas. From it she extracts sounds both brilliant and subtle – which one can appreciate fully on so well recorded a pair of CDs. Gaillard’s conception of the music is perhaps indicated by the very name of the group, Pulcinella, of which she appears to be director and which furnishes the excellent continuo work in this recording. The booklet notes - Gaillard’s own work? - observe of Pulcinella that he was “an emblematic figure of the commedia dell’arte, a delightful bon vivant who originated in Naples and is known in different countries as Punch (short for Punchinello), Polichinelle or Petrushka, also represents the soul of the people. With uncommon vitality and energy and extraordinary adaptability, he always faces up to adversity and is capable of extracting himself from the most difficult situations”. Much of this is communicated in Gaillard’s reading of the music. While these performances are not, in any sense, lacking in refinement, they are what one might call ‘democratic’ interpretations of Vivaldi. These are performances which seek to capture and communicate the rich Venetian atmosphere of the music, the ways in which it articulates what Byron called Venice’s “soft waves, … all musical to song”, praising it as a place where one might encounter “the luxurious and voluptuous flood / Of sweet sensations”. Much of that Venetian spirit is captured in these performances, not only because of Gaillard’s fine playing but also – and perhaps especially – because of the splendidly conceived and variously executed continuo playing of Pulcinella. The range of instruments drawn on for the basso continuo on this recording might, I suppose, have allowed for inappropriate and distracting colour or for mere gimmickry. But there is none of either to be heard here. The balance and dialogue of soloist and continuo are well-nigh perfect throughout and the changes of instrumentation serve primarily to clarify transitions of mood. The use of plucked instruments such as guitar, guitar battente - the instrument strung with wire - and harp, behind/underneath the cello produces some lovely effects.
I have enjoyed this recording greatly. It has a properly Italianate spirit of measured flamboyance and a consistent vision of the music. It is played with acute intelligence – and plenty of feeling – and is beautifully recorded.—Glyn Pursglove
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"La Cetra” is a collection of 12 concertos. Confusingly, two sets exist with this title, Opus 9 published in 1727 and a corrected version which was dedicated to the emperor Charles VI in 1728. There are works in common in both sets. This CD contains a selection from these works and the reconstruction of RV 322 is a world premiere recording.
CD Content
Concerto for violin, strings and continuo in G minor, RV 322
Concerto for flute, strings & continuo in G major, RV 438
Cello Concerto in A minor, RV 419
Concerto for Lute and 2 Violins in D major, RV 93
Concerto in A minor for Two Violins, RV 523
Concerto, Op. 3 No. 10 'Con quattro Violini e Violoncello obligato', RV 580
